Deepakshi Chaudhary is a Tennis writer at EssentiallySports. Watching Serena Williams dominate the WTA for over two decades and Rafael Nadal claiming 14 Roland Garros inspired Deepakshi to follow tennis. Given her love for the sport, Serena’s strength has always been an inspiration for her. Beyond her liking for swiftly swinging rackets, Deepakshi is a national level track and field athlete, who infuses her passion and experience from the track into writing articles to stay connected to the American audience. She worked as an Editor at EssentiallySports before transitioning into a writer. In her leisure time, she loves to read, go for a run, or step into the boxing ring.

The world is watching as the action returns to Franklin Field for the first time in 3 years. With the 126th edition of the Penn Relays taking place over the weekend, the athletes are raring to go. And some have already completed what can only be called a tremendous achievement. And Michael Kish well deserves to have his name right up there. With the athlete competing in his age category, he managed to rack up a dominant run to take home the 100-meter title in the 70-year-old category. The Shore AC athlete was running in the 70 years or older event and has set a strong time for his competing age group. Setting himself up for a 13.47 on the clock, Kish zoomed past his competition sporting his black sunglasses as he set fire to the track. MICHAEL KISH DOMINATES AT 70 While arguably dealing with competitive runners from the same age group, Michael Kish could still do considerable damage. In a video that can only be described as inspirational, we see [https://www.thedp.com/article/2022/04/penn-relays-2022-track-and-field-high-school-day-1-hammer-throw] the 70 or older athletes lineup at the starting line. Starting the race and separating himself from the pack, Kish went on to grab an early lead and just refused to give it back. A part of the Penn Relays’ Masters events, the race took place amidst various other high school relays. And even if only as a break for the viewers from the events scheduled around it, the race provided some grand entertainment. This Weekend [https://www.essentiallysports.com/us-sports-news-track-and-field-news-100-year-old-wwii-veteran-lester-wright-is-set-to-run-at-penn-relays-this-weekend/] The event did its job providing viewers with some great inspiration though. It’s never too late to start. If Kish can win [https://www.thedp.com/article/2022/04/penn-relays-2022-track-and-field-high-school-day-1-hammer-throw] at 70, what’s to stop you from training at 55? [https://image-cdn.essentiallysports.com/wp-content/uploads/kish3.jpg] The Penn relays now turn their attention to younger athletes. With Sydney McLaughlin, Devon Allen, and Natoya Goule all set to compete over the weekend, fans will be excited. However, with Allyson Felix [https://www.essentiallysports.com/tag/allyson-felix/]‘s withdrawal from the event, there will certainly be some disappointment. The athlete misses out on what could be her final Penn Relays. But fans will be eager to see other competitors on the track. Watch This Story: Shaun White and Nina Dobrev Take Over Spotlight At Coachella With Their Appearance [https://www.essentiallysports.com/stories/us-sports-news-shaun-white-and-nina-dobrev-take-over-spotlight-at-coachella-with-their-appearance/] But the viewer’s interests remain paramount. Which event and which athlete are you most looking forward to? Are you holding your breath for a McLaughlin podium? Or do you think it could be set to lead elsewhere? 

The Penn Relays are yet to get into full swing but the compeition already seems to be hotting up. Even in events you would not expect!

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<em>Speed. Technique. Thrill.</em> Track and Field is a sport that incorporates all this and more. Races so electrifying that they bring the house down, speeds so blazing that you might miss them in the blink of an eye, and rivalries so intense that there is a constant tussle for dominance. Well, the recently concluded 2024 Paris Olympics provided a hearty dose of track action. And now, the ongoing Diamond League circuit is ensuring that track fans continue to be on the edge of their seats. But, do you know what the initial days of this fascinating sport looked like?
<h2>Track and Field: History and evolution of the sport</h2>
On the marks, set, go. If only the evolution of track and field were so easy. Instead, it was something that gradually happened over years of evolution.

<img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2388715" src="https://image-cdn.essentiallysports.com/wp-content/uploads/Track-and-Field-4.jpg" alt="" width="1600" height="900" />

<strong>Ancient-</strong> One of the oldest sports to have existed, the cornerstone of track and field was laid by the Greeks, where men would exhibit their athletic talents as part of celebratory events. Initially limited to foot races, stadion and diaulos were the competitions that comprised the crux of the sport, which has been around since the first Olympics in Ancient Greece, dating back to 776 B.C. Although the Romans continued the games till 394 A.D., when it was banned, the sport saw a resurgence after the decline of the Roman empire. Tracing back to the 16th and 17th centuries, foot races had become a regular sight in Europe.

<strong>Modern</strong>- The 1860s predominantly saw the wave of transformation, wherein the first championships featuring amateur men were held in England. Athletic clubs and organizations sprung up across Europe and the United States, with the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) coming into being in 1887.

<strong>Olympic age</strong>- 1896, was when the first Modern Olympic Games were flagged off in Athens, which included track and field in the sports that debuted.

<strong>20th century</strong>- With athletes flocking from across the world to exhibit their athletic talent, track and field's stature elevated substantially. Technical developments fostered improvements in training and diet, and the track saw the likes of legends like Jesse Owens, Usain Bolt, Flo-Jo, etc coming out at the top.
<h2>What are the major events in track and field?</h2>
Track and field is a sport that covers a plethora of events under its banner. Speaking of the Olympics in particular, it features 48 events, 24 men's events and 24 women's. Care to know what they are?
<table style="border-collapse: collapse;width: 100%;height: 292px">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 50px">
<td style="width: 28.6666%;height: 50px"><strong>Track Discipline</strong></td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%;height: 50px"><strong>Events</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px">
<td style="width: 28.6666%;height: 24px">Sprint</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%;height: 24px">100m, 200m, 400m</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px">
<td style="width: 28.6666%;height: 24px">Middle-distance/Long-distance</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%;height: 24px">800m, 1500m, 5000m, 10000m, 3000m steeplechase</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px">
<td style="width: 28.6666%;height: 24px">Hurdles</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%;height: 24px">100m hurdles, 110m hurdles, 400m hurdles</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px">
<td style="width: 28.6666%;height: 24px">Road Running</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%;height: 24px">Half marathon, marathon</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px">
<td style="width: 28.6666%;height: 24px">Race Walks</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%;height: 24px">20k race walk, 35k race walk</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px">
<td style="width: 28.6666%;height: 24px">Relays</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%;height: 24px">4x100 relay, 4x400 relay, 4x400 relay mixed</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 50px">
<td style="width: 28.6666%;height: 50px"><strong>Field Discipline</strong></td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%;height: 50px"><strong>Events</strong></td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px">
<td style="width: 28.6666%;height: 24px">Jumps</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%;height: 24px">High jump, pole vault, long jump, triple jump</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 24px">
<td style="width: 28.6666%;height: 24px">Throws</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%;height: 24px">Shot put, discus throw, hammer throw, javelin throw</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 28.6666%">Combined Events</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%">Heptathlon, Decathlon</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 28.6666%">Cross Country</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 28.6666%">Mountain Running</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 28.6666%">Ultra Running</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td style="width: 28.6666%">Trail Running</td>
<td style="width: 71.3334%"></td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
<h2><img class="aligncenter size-full wp-image-2048019" src="https://image-cdn.essentiallysports.com/wp-content/uploads/imago1033652038h.jpg" alt="Diamond League Armand Duplantis" /></h2>
<h2>What are the rules and regulations of track and field in major competitions like the Olympics?</h2>
<strong>Sprinting Rules</strong>
<ul>
 	<li>Most of the sprinting events from 100m to 5000m conduct qualifying rounds before the finals. Usually heats, semifinals, and then the finals. The top three on the finals scoreboard take home gold, silver, and bronze.</li>
 	<li>Sprints, hurdles, and relay races feature starting blocks, followed by the firing of a pistol to commence the race. If a runner starts before the fire, it's called a 'false start.' This will lead to disqualification.</li>
 	<li>100m sprints and 110m/100m hurdles comprise starts where racers are all in one line. Whereas, in the 200m, 400m, 400m hurdles, 4x100m relay, and 400m relay categories, they are placed in staggered positions.</li>
 	<li>Running outside the allocated lanes would also lead to disqualification. If an athlete is forced to cross the lane by another one so that there is no material advantage, they will not be disqualified. The same for a person who strays out or crosses the line, and in doing so, they do not get an advantage, there will be no disqualification.</li>
 	<li>The athlete whose torso crosses the vertical finish line plane will be declared the winner.</li>
</ul>
<strong>Relay Rules</strong>
<ul>
 	<li>For any of the relays, baton handover must not happen beyond the 20m changeover box. If yes, then this would amount to disqualification.</li>
 	<li>The baton should not fall or touch the ground in any way.</li>
</ul>
<strong>Middle Distance Rules</strong>
<ul>
 	<li>There are no starting blocks in these races. Also, athletes line up in an upright position. In 800m, the 8 runners will stand in staggered positions before the start. Through the first turn, they have to stay in their respective lanes, but can then break to the inside. If done very early, then can lead to disqualification.</li>
 	<li>1500m and the steeplechase have group starts, and no fixed lanes are allocated.</li>
 	<li>In steeplechase, if an athlete steps aside during a barrier, they will be disqualified. They can jump above them in any way, but no part of the foot or leg should be below the horizontal plane of the upper bar while they are attempting to clear it.</li>
</ul>
<strong>Long Distance Rules</strong>
<ul>
 	<li>The 10,000m, marathon, race walk, decathlon, and heptathlon are events that directly conduct finals with no qualifying rounds.</li>
 	<li>The starts happen in an upright position and involve no touching of the ground.</li>
 	<li>Usually, these feature mass starts. However given the possibility that there are more than 12 runners in the race, they are divided into staggered groups. The first one will have 65 percent of the athletes that usually appear on a start line.</li>
 	<li>There are no lane assignments. Track athletes can break for positions right after the commencement.</li>
</ul>
<strong>Race Walking Rules</strong>
<ul>
 	<li>The walker must be in contact with the ground continuously. Even the advancing leg should be straight from the instance when it comes in contact with the ground till it goes into the upright position.</li>
 	<li>There are anything between six and nine judges in the event. And they are free to issue warnings upon violations like leg contact or perhaps a bent knee.</li>
 	<li>If participating athletes get warnings from 3 different judges, they get disqualified. Also, if an official medical officer asks them to retire from the race, the competitors must leave.</li>
</ul>
<strong>Jumping Rules</strong>
<ul>
 	<li>High jump- The jump-off must happen from one foot. And given that the athlete makes contact with the crossbar and falls off the supports, it will be counted as a failed attempt. Also, athletes will be given 3 attempts for a particular height. The option to pass a certain height and try for the next is also available. But, if there are 2 failed attempts at a single height, and the athlete skips that to move on to the next, the next should be cleared on the first try.</li>
 	<li>Pole Vault- Participants can use a substance either on their hands or the pole to facilitate a better grip. But, tape on fingers or hands is prohibited, unless there is an open wound. Athletes are also allowed to use their poles, of any material, length, or diameter. If they break, the participants still get another go at it. However, there are three criteria for disqualification. First is when the vaulter makes the crossbar fall by touch. Second is when they move their lower hand above their upper one or their upper hand higher on the pole after leaving the ground. And third, if they steady or replace the bar while conducting the vault.</li>
 	<li>Long Jump- The measurement for the jumps is calculated from the takeoff line to the closest break in the landing area, done by any part of the participant's body. Failed attempts happen on exceeding the takeoff line while jumping, or on taking off from outside either end of the take-off board. Or perhaps touching the ground outside the landing area closer to the take-off line, in comparison to the nearest break in the sand.</li>
 	<li>Triple Jump- There are three stages of a triple jump- a hop, a step, and a jump, all done in the said sequence. Hope and jump have to be made from the same foot used for take-off, while the step involves the other. Failed attempts have identical criteria to the long jump. However, there is one exception, and that is when an athlete makes contact with the ground with their sleeping leg during a jump, it isn't considered a failure.</li>
</ul>
<strong>Decathlon and Heptathlon Rules-</strong>
<ul>
 	<li>The decathlon and heptathlon events are conducted over two consecutive days.</li>
 	<li>In both these events, 3 attempts in the long jump, shot put, discus, and javelin throw are allowed. And a single false start in track events is allowed.</li>
</ul>
<strong>Throwing Rules-</strong>
<ul>
 	<li>Shot, discuss, and hammer throw are all done from within the demarcated throwing circles. While the javelin throw features a runway. Crossing either while a throwing attempt is made will count as a failed attempt.</li>
 	<li>Also, the athletes must not exit and stay in the throwing area until the javelin or the respective implement touches the ground. And for it to be considered a valid throw, they should land within the landing zone.</li>
 	<li>Gloves are only permitted in hammer throw, while any sort of tape is not allowed unless there is an open wound on the hands or the fingers.</li>
</ul>
[caption id="attachment_688450" align="aligncenter" width="1920"]<img class="size-full wp-image-688450" src="https://image-cdn.essentiallysports.com/wp-content/uploads/GettyImages-1324305797.jpg" alt="" width="1920" height="1280" /> EUGENE, OREGON - JUNE 18: Ryan Crouser competes in the Men's Shot Put final during day one of the 2020 U.S. Olympic Track &amp; Field Team Trials at Hayward Field on June 18, 2021 in Eugene, Oregon. (Photo by Andy Lyons/Getty Images)[/caption]
<h2>What are the major track and field championships?</h2>
Some of the pivotal athletic competitions include-
<ul>
 	<li>The Athletics World Championships (Once every 2 years)</li>
 	<li>Olympic Games (Once every 4 years)</li>
 	<li>Commonwealth Games (Once every 4 years)</li>
 	<li>World Indoor Championships (Once every 2 years)</li>
 	<li>World Diamond League Meetings (Every year)</li>
 	<li>World Athletics Relays (Biennial)</li>
 	<li>Marathon Majors (Every year)</li>
 	<li>World Athletics Cross Country Championships (Biennial)</li>
 	<li>New York Marathon (Every year)</li>
</ul>
<h2>Who are the greatest track and field stars of all time?</h2>
Here are some of the most decorated track and field athletes of all time:
<table style="height: 400px;width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 24px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 29px">Name</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 29px">Country</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 29px">Event</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 29px">Olympic medals</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 29px">Personal best</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 17px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 10px">Paavo Nurmi</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 10px">Finland</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 10px">Middle and Long Distance Runner</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 10px">Â 12 medals- 9G, 3S</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 10px">10000m - 30:06.2h

3000m - 8:20.4h

5000m- 14:28.2h</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 56px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Carl Lewis</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">United States

&nbsp;</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">100m,200m, Long Jump, 4x100m relay</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">10 medals- 9G, 1S</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Long Jump- 8.87

100m- 9.86

200m- 19.75</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 56px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Usain Bolt</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Jamaica</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">100m, 200m, 4x100m relay</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">8 medals- 8G</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">100m- 9.58 (WR, AR)

200m- 19.19 (WR, AR)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 56px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Jesse Owens</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">United States</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">100m, 200m, Long Jump, 4x100m relay</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">4 medals- 4G</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">100m- 10.2h

200m- 20.7h

4x100m relay- 39.8h

Long Jump- 8.13</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 56px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Allyson Felix</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">United States</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">200m, 4x400m relay, 4x100m relay, 400m</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">11 medals- 7G, 3S, 1B</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">200m- 21.69

400m- 49.26

4x100m relay- 40.82

4x400m relay- 31.16.85</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 96px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">Florence Griffith Joyner</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">United States</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">100m, 200, 4x100m relay, 4x400m relay</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">5 medals- 3G, 2S</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">100m- 10.49

200m- 21.34</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>
[caption id="attachment_761704" align="aligncenter" width="1920"]<img class="size-full wp-image-761704" src="https://image-cdn.essentiallysports.com/wp-content/uploads/GettyImages-166165212.jpg" alt="Usain Bolt" width="1920" height="1280" /> Usain Bolt of Jamaica reacts as he wins the Olympic mens 200m final in a new world record time in the Birds Nest stadium, Beijing on August 20th 2008 in Beijing, China (Photo by Tom Jenkins/Getty Images). An image from the book "In The Moment" published June 2012[/caption]

&nbsp;
<table style="height: 400px;width: 100%;border-collapse: collapse">
<tbody>
<tr style="height: 96px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">Jackie Joyner-Kersee</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">United States</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">Heptathlon, Long Jump</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">6 medals- 3G, 1S, 2B</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">Heptathlon- 1331

Long Jump- 7.49</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 56px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Bob Beamon</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">United States</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Long Jump</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">1 medal- 1G</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Long Jump- 8.90</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 80px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 80px">Javie Sotomayor</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 80px">Cuba</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 80px">High Jump</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 80px">2 medals- 1G, 1S</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 80px">High Jump- 2.45 (WR)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 80px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 80px">Jan Zelezny</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 80px">Czechia</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 80px">Javelin Throw</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 80px">4 medals- 3G, 1S</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 80px">Javelin Throw- 98.48 (WR)</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 96px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">&nbsp;

Haile Gebrselassie</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">Ethiopia</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">Long Distance Runner</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">2 medals- 2G</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 96px">10000m- 26:22.75

5000m- 12:39.36</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 56px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">AI Oerter</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">United States</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Discus Throw</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">4 medals- 4G</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Discus Throw- 69.46</td>
</tr>
<tr style="height: 56px">
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Sergey Bubka</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Ukraine</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Pole Vault</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">1 medal- 1G</td>
<td style="width: 20%;height: 56px">Pole Vault- 6.15</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

TRACK AND FIELD

Speed. Technique. Thrill. Track and Field is a sport that incorporates all this and more. Races so electrifying that they bring the house down, speeds so blazing that you might miss them in the blink of an eye, and rivalries so intense that there is a constant tussle for dominance. Well, the recently concluded 2024 Paris Olympics provided a hearty dose of track action. And now, the ongoing Diamond League circuit is ensuring that track fans continue to be on the edge of their seats. But, do you know what the initial days of this fascinating sport looked like? Track and Field: History and evolution of the sport On the marks, set, go. If only the evolution of track and field were so easy. Instead, it was something that gradually happened over years of evolution. Ancient- One of the oldest sports to have existed, the cornerstone of track and field was laid by the Greeks, where men would exhibit their athletic talents as part of celebratory events. Initially limited to foot races, stadion and diaulos were the competitions that comprised the crux of the sport, which has been around since the first Olympics in Ancient Greece, dating back to 776 B.C. Although the Romans continued the games till 394 A.D., when it was banned, the sport saw a resurgence after the decline of the Roman empire. Tracing back to the 16th and 17th centuries, foot races had become a regular sight in Europe. Modern&#8211; The 1860s predominantly saw the wave of transformation, wherein the first championships featuring amateur men were held in England. Athletic clubs and organizations sprung up across Europe and the United States, with the Amateur Athletic Union (AAU) coming into being in 1887. Olympic age&#8211; 1896, was when the first Modern Olympic Games were flagged off in Athens, which included track and field in the sports that debuted. 20th century&#8211; With athletes flocking from across the world to exhibit their athletic talent, track and field&#8217;s stature elevated substantially. Technical developments fostered improvements in training and diet, and the track saw the likes of legends like Jesse Owens, Usain Bolt, Flo-Jo, etc coming out at the top. What are the major events in track and field? Track and field is a sport that covers a plethora of events under its banner. Speaking of the Olympics in particular, it features 48 events, 24 men&#8217;s events and 24 women&#8217;s. Care to know what they are?  Track Discipline Events  Sprint 100m, 200m, 400m  Middle-distance/Long-distance 800m, 1500m, 5000m, 10000m, 3000m steeplechase  Hurdles 100m hurdles, 110m hurdles, 400m hurdles  Road Running Half marathon, marathon  Race Walks 20k race walk, 35k race walk  Relays 4&#215;100 relay, 4&#215;400 relay, 4&#215;400 relay mixed  Field Discipline Events  Jumps High jump, pole vault, long jump, triple jump  Throws Shot put, discus throw, hammer throw, javelin throw  Combined Events Heptathlon, Decathlon  Cross Country  Mountain Running  Ultra Running  Trail Running   What are the rules and regulations of track and field in major competitions like the Olympics? Sprinting Rules Most of the sprinting events from 100m to 5000m conduct qualifying rounds before the finals. Usually heats, semifinals, and then the finals. The top three on the finals scoreboard take home gold, silver, and bronze. Sprints, hurdles, and relay races feature starting blocks, followed by the firing of a pistol to commence the race. If a runner starts before the fire, it&#8217;s called a &#8216;false start.&#8217; This will lead to disqualification. 100m sprints and 110m/100m hurdles comprise starts where racers are all in one line. Whereas, in the 200m, 400m, 400m hurdles, 4x100m relay, and 400m relay categories, they are placed in staggered positions. Running outside the allocated lanes would also lead to disqualification. If an athlete is forced to cross the lane by another one so that there is no material advantage, they will not be disqualified. The same for a person who strays out or crosses the line, and in doing so, they do not get an advantage, there will be no disqualification. The athlete whose torso crosses the vertical finish line plane will be declared the winner. Relay Rules For any of the relays, baton handover must not happen beyond the 20m changeover box. If yes, then this would amount to disqualification. The baton should not fall or touch the ground in any way. Middle Distance Rules There are no starting blocks in these races. Also, athletes line up in an upright position. In 800m, the 8 runners will stand in staggered positions before the start. Through the first turn, they have to stay in their respective lanes, but can then break to the inside. If done very early, then can lead to disqualification. 1500m and the steeplechase have group starts, and no fixed lanes are allocated. In steeplechase, if an athlete steps aside during a barrier, they will be disqualified. They can jump above them in any way, but no part of the foot or leg should be below the horizontal plane of the upper bar while they are attempting to clear it. Long Distance Rules The 10,000m, marathon, race walk, decathlon, and heptathlon are events that directly conduct finals with no qualifying rounds. The starts happen in an upright position and involve no touching of the ground. Usually, these feature mass starts. However given the possibility that there are more than 12 runners in the race, they are divided into staggered groups. The first one will have 65 percent of the athletes that usually appear on a start line. There are no lane assignments. Track athletes can break for positions right after the commencement. Race Walking Rules The walker must be in contact with the ground continuously. Even the advancing leg should be straight from the instance when it comes in contact with the ground till it goes into the upright position. There are anything between six and nine judges in the event. And they are free to issue warnings upon violations like leg contact or perhaps a bent knee. If participating athletes get warnings from 3 different judges, they get disqualified. Also, if an official medical officer asks them to retire from the race, the competitors must leave. Jumping Rules High jump- The jump-off must happen from one foot. And given that the athlete makes contact with the crossbar and falls off the supports, it will be counted as a failed attempt. Also, athletes will be given 3 attempts for a particular height. The option to pass a certain height and try for the next is also available. But, if there are 2 failed attempts at a single height, and the athlete skips that to move on to the next, the next should be cleared on the first try. Pole Vault- Participants can use a substance either on their hands or the pole to facilitate a better grip. But, tape on fingers or hands is prohibited, unless there is an open wound. Athletes are also allowed to use their poles, of any material, length, or diameter. If they break, the participants still get another go at it. However, there are three criteria for disqualification. First is when the vaulter makes the crossbar fall by touch. Second is when they move their lower hand above their upper one or their upper hand higher on the pole after leaving the ground. And third, if they steady or replace the bar while conducting the vault. Long Jump- The measurement for the jumps is calculated from the takeoff line to the closest break in the landing area, done by any part of the participant&#8217;s body. Failed attempts happen on exceeding the takeoff line while jumping, or on taking off from outside either end of the take-off board. Or perhaps touching the ground outside the landing area closer to the take-off line, in comparison to the nearest break in the sand. Triple Jump- There are three stages of a triple jump- a hop, a step, and a jump, all done in the said sequence. Hope and jump have to be made from the same foot used for take-off, while the step involves the other. Failed attempts have identical criteria to the long jump. However, there is one exception, and that is when an athlete makes contact with the ground with their sleeping leg during a jump, it isn&#8217;t considered a failure. Decathlon and Heptathlon Rules- The decathlon and heptathlon events are conducted over two consecutive days. In both these events, 3 attempts in the long jump, shot put, discus, and javelin throw are allowed. And a single false start in track events is allowed. Throwing Rules- Shot, discuss, and hammer throw are all done from within the demarcated throwing circles. While the javelin throw features a runway. Crossing either while a throwing attempt is made will count as a failed attempt. Also, the athletes must not exit and stay in the throwing area until the javelin or the respective implement touches the ground. And for it to be considered a valid throw, they should land within the landing zone. Gloves are only permitted in hammer throw, while any sort of tape is not allowed unless there is an open wound on the hands or the fingers. EUGENE, OREGON &#8211; JUNE 18: Ryan Crouser competes in the Men&#8217;s Shot Put final during day one of the 2020 U.S. Olympic Track &amp; Field Team Trials at Hayward Field on June 18, 2021 in Eugene, Oregon. (Photo by Andy Lyons/Getty Images) What are the major track and field championships? Some of the pivotal athletic competitions include- The Athletics World Championships (Once every 2 years) Olympic Games (Once every 4 years) Commonwealth Games (Once every 4 years) World Indoor Championships (Once every 2 years) World Diamond League Meetings (Every year) World Athletics Relays (Biennial) Marathon Majors (Every year) World Athletics Cross Country Championships (Biennial) New York Marathon (Every year) Who are the greatest track and field stars of all time? Here are some of the most decorated track and field athletes of all time:  Name Country Event Olympic medals Personal best  Paavo Nurmi Finland Middle and Long Distance Runner Â 12 medals- 9G, 3S 10000m &#8211; 30:06.2h 3000m &#8211; 8:20.4h 5000m- 14:28.2h  Carl Lewis United States &nbsp; 100m,200m, Long Jump, 4x100m relay 10 medals- 9G, 1S Long Jump- 8.87 100m- 9.86 200m- 19.75  Usain Bolt Jamaica 100m, 200m, 4x100m relay 8 medals- 8G 100m- 9.58 (WR, AR) 200m- 19.19 (WR, AR)  Jesse Owens United States 100m, 200m, Long Jump, 4x100m relay 4 medals- 4G 100m- 10.2h 200m- 20.7h 4x100m relay- 39.8h Long Jump- 8.13  Allyson Felix United States 200m, 4x400m relay, 4x100m relay, 400m 11 medals- 7G, 3S, 1B 200m- 21.69 400m- 49.26 4x100m relay- 40.82 4x400m relay- 31.16.85  Florence Griffith Joyner United States 100m, 200, 4x100m relay, 4x400m relay 5 medals- 3G, 2S 100m- 10.49 200m- 21.34  Usain Bolt of Jamaica reacts as he wins the Olympic mens 200m final in a new world record time in the Birds Nest stadium, Beijing on August 20th 2008 in Beijing, China (Photo by Tom Jenkins/Getty Images). An image from the book &#8220;In The Moment&#8221; published June 2012 &nbsp;  Jackie Joyner-Kersee United States Heptathlon, Long Jump 6 medals- 3G, 1S, 2B Heptathlon- 1331 Long Jump- 7.49  Bob Beamon United States Long Jump 1 medal- 1G Long Jump- 8.90  Javie Sotomayor Cuba High Jump 2 medals- 1G, 1S High Jump- 2.45 (WR)  Jan Zelezny Czechia Javelin Throw 4 medals- 3G, 1S Javelin Throw- 98.48 (WR)  &nbsp; Haile Gebrselassie Ethiopia Long Distance Runner 2 medals- 2G 10000m- 26:22.75 5000m- 12:39.36  AI Oerter United States Discus Throw 4 medals- 4G Discus Throw- 69.46  Sergey Bubka Ukraine Pole Vault 1 medal- 1G Pole Vault- 6.15

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<h2 class="jsx-3677412058">Allyson Felix 2023: Net Worth, Salary, and Endorsements</h2>
In terms of longevity, no other athlete comes close to Allyson Felix. She is a track runner and a field sprinter. Moreover, she won 11 Olympic medals from five consecutive Olympic Games and cemented her legacy amongst the greats. She has taken part in a lot of competitions like the 4x400-meter relay, 4x100-meter relay, 100 meters, 200 meters, and 400 meters. Likewise, she is the most decorated US track and field athlete.

[caption id="attachment_735099" align="aligncenter" width="1920"]<img class="wp-image-735099 size-full" src="https://image-cdn.essentiallysports.com/wp-content/uploads/2021-08-07T131244Z_7964080_SP1EH8710P3CZ_RTRMADP_3_OLYMPICS-2020-ATH-W-4X400M-FNL-000100.jpg" alt="Allyson Felix" width="1920" height="1330" /> Tokyo 2020 Olympics - Athletics - Women's 4 x 400m Relay - Final - Olympic Stadium, Tokyo, Japan - August 7, 2021. Allyson Felix of the United States celebrates after winning gold REUTERS/Phil Noble[/caption]
<h3>Early Life</h3>
The legendary sprinter was born on 18 November 1985 to Paul and Marlean. She attended school in North Hills during her early years. After that, in 2003, Track and Field News named her 'High School Athlete of the Year.' Her performances led to Adidas signing a contract in 2003 while they sponsored her college education at the University of Southern California.

She is married to Kenneth Ferguson and has a daughter named Camryn who was born in 2018.
<h3>Athletics Career</h3>
The legendary sprinter began her Olympic career at Athens Olympics in 2004 and won the silver medal in the 200-meters. Then, she became the youngest gold medalist at World Championships in Helsinki as she won 200 meters.

Her career skyrocketed from there as she added another silver medal in the 200-meter competition at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Then, she took part in the 4x400m relay with Team USA and won her first Olympic gold medal.

After her success, she decided to focus on the 200 and 400-meters events in addition to different relay events. The 2012 London Olympics saw her <a href="https://www.lottie.com/blogs/strong-women/allyson-felix-biography-for-kids" target="_blank" rel="noopener">winning</a> three gold medals in the 200 m, 4x400 m relay, and 4x100 m relay. Her medal tally made her the second American to win three gold medals in a single Olympic Games.

[caption id="attachment_761678" align="aligncenter" width="1920"]<img class="wp-image-761678 size-full" src="https://image-cdn.essentiallysports.com/wp-content/uploads/GettyImages-1177925276.jpg" alt="Allyson Felix" width="1920" height="1280" /> DOHA, QATAR - SEPTEMBER 29: Allyson Felix of the United States reacts after setting a new world record in the 4x400 Metres Mixed Relay during day three of 17th IAAF World Athletics Championships Doha 2019 at Khalifa International Stadium on September 29, 2019 in Doha, Qatar. (Photo by Patrick Smith/Getty Images)[/caption]

More success was followed by winning numerous World Championships medals and other competitions. The sprinter did not slow down in her fourth Olympic Games at Rio 2016 as she won two gold and one silver medal in those games. After the 2017 World Championships in London where she won medals again, she took a break because of being pregnant.

Felix made her return for the 2019 World Championships in Doha as she won a gold medal in the 4×400 m mixed relay. The sprinter took part in the recent Tokyo Olympics 2020 event and cemented her legacy as one of the greatest athletes in the world. At the age of 35, she took home the bronze medal for the 400-meters competition while winning the gold medal for the 4×400 m relay. Whether she will take part in the Paris Olympics 2024 would be a question mark.
<h3>Achievements</h3>
<ul>
 	<li>Five-time Olympian (2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020); 11-time Olympic <a href="https://www.teamusa.org/usa-track-and-field/athletes/allyson-felix" target="_blank" rel="noopener">medalist</a> (7 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze)</li>
 	<li>Olympic Games Tokyo 2020, bronze (400-meter), gold (4x400-meter relay)</li>
 	<li>Olympic Games Rio 2016, gold (4x100-meter relay, 4x400-meter relay), silver (400-meter)</li>
 	<li>Olympic Games London 2012, gold (200-meter, 4x100-meter relay, 4x400-meter relay), 5th (100-meter)</li>
 	<li>Olympic Games Beijing 2008, gold (4x400-meter relay), silver (200-meter)</li>
 	<li>Olympic Games Athens 2004, silver (200-meter)</li>
 	<li>Medals: 19 (14 golds, 3 silvers, 2 bronzes)</li>
</ul>
<h3>Allyson Felix Net Worth &amp; Endorsements</h3>
Allyson Felix has a <a href="https://www.celebritynetworth.com/richest-athletes/olympians/allyson-felix-net-worth/" target="_blank" rel="noopener">net worth</a> of $4.5 million and is one of the richest athletes out there. Earlier, Nike had sponsored her for a long time. But, things went out of hand after she revealed that the company would pay 70% less the amount due to her maternity stage. Thus, she dropped from Nike and signed for Gap's Athleta as she launched her new shoe brand named Saysh.

[caption id="attachment_702575" align="aligncenter" width="1920"]<img class="wp-image-702575 size-full" src="https://image-cdn.essentiallysports.com/wp-content/uploads/GettyImages-1324618152.jpg" alt="Allyson Felix" width="1920" height="1280" /> EUGENE, OREGON - JUNE 20: Allyson Felix celebrates with her daughter Camryn after finishing second in the Women's 400 Meters Final on day three of the 2020 U.S. Olympic Track &amp; Field Team Trials at Hayward Field on June 20, 2021 in Eugene, Oregon. (Photo by Patrick Smith/Getty Images)[/caption]
<h3>How to contact Allyson Felix?</h3>
Twitter: <a href="https://twitter.com/allysonfelix" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@allysonfelix</a>

Instagram: <a href="https://www.instagram.com/allysonfelix/?hl=en" target="_blank" rel="noopener">@allysonfelix</a>
<table>
<tbody>
<tr>
<td width="151">Age</td>
<td width="450">35</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="151">Marital Status</td>
<td width="450">Married to Kenneth Ferguson</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="151">Height</td>
<td width="450">1.68 m</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="151">Weight</td>
<td width="450">57 kg</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="151">Olympic Medals</td>
<td width="450">11</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="151">Nationality</td>
<td width="450">United States of America</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="151">Olympic Appearances</td>
<td width="450">2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020</td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td width="151">Endorsements</td>
<td width="450">Saysh</td>
</tr>
</tbody>
</table>

Allyson Felix

Allyson Felix 2023: Net Worth, Salary, and Endorsements In terms of longevity, no other athlete comes close to Allyson Felix. She is a track runner and a field sprinter. Moreover, she won 11 Olympic medals from five consecutive Olympic Games and cemented her legacy amongst the greats. She has taken part in a lot of competitions like the 4&#215;400-meter relay, 4&#215;100-meter relay, 100 meters, 200 meters, and 400 meters. Likewise, she is the most decorated US track and field athlete. Tokyo 2020 Olympics &#8211; Athletics &#8211; Women&#8217;s 4 x 400m Relay &#8211; Final &#8211; Olympic Stadium, Tokyo, Japan &#8211; August 7, 2021. Allyson Felix of the United States celebrates after winning gold REUTERS/Phil Noble Early Life The legendary sprinter was born on 18 November 1985 to Paul and Marlean. She attended school in North Hills during her early years. After that, in 2003, Track and Field News named her &#8216;High School Athlete of the Year.&#8217; Her performances led to Adidas signing a contract in 2003 while they sponsored her college education at the University of Southern California. She is married to Kenneth Ferguson and has a daughter named Camryn who was born in 2018. Athletics Career The legendary sprinter began her Olympic career at Athens Olympics in 2004 and won the silver medal in the 200-meters. Then, she became the youngest gold medalist at World Championships in Helsinki as she won 200 meters. Her career skyrocketed from there as she added another silver medal in the 200-meter competition at the 2008 Beijing Olympics. Then, she took part in the 4x400m relay with Team USA and won her first Olympic gold medal. After her success, she decided to focus on the 200 and 400-meters events in addition to different relay events. The 2012 London Olympics saw her winning three gold medals in the 200 m, 4&#215;400 m relay, and 4&#215;100 m relay. Her medal tally made her the second American to win three gold medals in a single Olympic Games. DOHA, QATAR &#8211; SEPTEMBER 29: Allyson Felix of the United States reacts after setting a new world record in the 4&#215;400 Metres Mixed Relay during day three of 17th IAAF World Athletics Championships Doha 2019 at Khalifa International Stadium on September 29, 2019 in Doha, Qatar. (Photo by Patrick Smith/Getty Images) More success was followed by winning numerous World Championships medals and other competitions. The sprinter did not slow down in her fourth Olympic Games at Rio 2016 as she won two gold and one silver medal in those games. After the 2017 World Championships in London where she won medals again, she took a break because of being pregnant. Felix made her return for the 2019 World Championships in Doha as she won a gold medal in the 4×400 m mixed relay. The sprinter took part in the recent Tokyo Olympics 2020 event and cemented her legacy as one of the greatest athletes in the world. At the age of 35, she took home the bronze medal for the 400-meters competition while winning the gold medal for the 4×400 m relay. Whether she will take part in the Paris Olympics 2024 would be a question mark. Achievements Five-time Olympian (2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020); 11-time Olympic medalist (7 gold, 3 silver, 1 bronze) Olympic Games Tokyo 2020, bronze (400-meter), gold (4&#215;400-meter relay) Olympic Games Rio 2016, gold (4&#215;100-meter relay, 4&#215;400-meter relay), silver (400-meter) Olympic Games London 2012, gold (200-meter, 4&#215;100-meter relay, 4&#215;400-meter relay), 5th (100-meter) Olympic Games Beijing 2008, gold (4&#215;400-meter relay), silver (200-meter) Olympic Games Athens 2004, silver (200-meter) Medals: 19 (14 golds, 3 silvers, 2 bronzes) Allyson Felix Net Worth &amp; Endorsements Allyson Felix has a net worth of $4.5 million and is one of the richest athletes out there. Earlier, Nike had sponsored her for a long time. But, things went out of hand after she revealed that the company would pay 70% less the amount due to her maternity stage. Thus, she dropped from Nike and signed for Gap&#8217;s Athleta as she launched her new shoe brand named Saysh. EUGENE, OREGON &#8211; JUNE 20: Allyson Felix celebrates with her daughter Camryn after finishing second in the Women&#8217;s 400 Meters Final on day three of the 2020 U.S. Olympic Track &amp; Field Team Trials at Hayward Field on June 20, 2021 in Eugene, Oregon. (Photo by Patrick Smith/Getty Images) How to contact Allyson Felix? Twitter: @allysonfelix Instagram: @allysonfelix  Age 35  Marital Status Married to Kenneth Ferguson  Height 1.68 m  Weight 57 kg  Olympic Medals 11  Nationality United States of America  Olympic Appearances 2004, 2008, 2012, 2016, 2020  Endorsements Saysh

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